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How Native American Pow Wows Began

By Linda Davis


Originally, powwow started out as an Algonquin term known as Pauwau or pauau referring to a gathering together of spiritual leaders and medicine men. Pauwauing was a religious ceremony related to healing or curing individuals in the tribe. Today's Native American pow wows were born when a group of early European explorers overheard and mispronounced the word as pow wow.

In 1646, the Massachusetts General Court outlawed the practice due to the appearance of worshiping false gods, or the devil. While most often separated, the proper context of the word is actually powwow with no hyphen or separation between pow and wow. The ceremonies which existed prior to 1646 were much more sacred and serene than the ones currently produced by a number of Native American tribes each year in the United States.

Pow wows have evolved from the formal ceremonies of the past into a blend of tribal dance, family reunions and festivity. Widely known for the beautiful feathers and costumes displayed in tribal dance and ceremony, the events are now aimed as much at visitors as tribal members.

Whether held in a small town such as White Eagle, Oklahoma or a big city such as Los Angeles, California, a pow wow can take place anywhere, even in a cow pasture. In most cases, the events are held on an annual basis, usually over a three day weekend. For, tribal members and visitors often travel from all over the country to attend these events.

Most individuals whom attend these events travel long distances in order to do so. While this is the case, the travel is often considered part of the journey and a method to better understand oneself and associated beliefs. While some come to participate in sacred ceremonies, others come to sing, dance and observe the festive atmosphere.

Most people having been to one of these events report having an overall good or pleasant sensation. Whereas, the feeling is often reported as being one of a mental, physical and spiritual nature. As such, it is believed that this is one reason so many return to these events year after year.

The first tribe to celebrate in this manner was that of the Ponca tribe in 1804. At the time, the celebration and ceremony was known as the Hethuska. Later, the ceremony was handed down over the decades to different tribes until reaching the Lakota tribe in the 1890s. It was at that time that the Lakota began holding the ceremonies on reservations, incorporating different aspects of past events.

During the time of the Lakota celebrations, the festival was known as Omaha or Grass Dance, a ceremony which spread across the land faster than that of the Ghost Dance during the same time period. Although, unlike other tribes which practiced ritual dances such as death, rain or marriage, the Grass Dance was danced solely for the pleasure of dancing. After which, most dances became an important aspect of pow wows and still remain so today.




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