The sculptures is one of fine arts. Unlike paint, which creates a plan -a fictional space of two dimensions-, sculptures does a flat or three-dimensional relief exempt, using real space. The sculptor acts on different materials transformed by carving and modeling processes, which are traditional methods (aluminum wall sculpture).
The door of Cathedral of Chartres (1145) is one of first examples of Gothic sculptures: featuring the fabulous animals that shape the gargoyles. In Germany, both outside and inside the Bamberg Cathedral (XIII century) there are meaningful sculptures; A good example is the Bamberg Horseman. One innovation are the sculptures on dramatic themes, scenes from the Passion of Christ and the Pieta among others. At the end of Gothic period in magnificent altar made by artists such as Tilman Riemenschneider or Veit Stoss. The kingdom of Castile worked there sculptors Gil de Alejo of Siloam Vahia.
The sculptures was initially a single function, immediate use; function was added later ritual, magical or religious funeral. This feature was changing with the historical evolution, acquiring primarily aesthetic purposes or simply ornamental and can become just as something ephemeral or lasting.
The first manifestations sculptures dating back to Paleolithic, when the man cut all the flint percudint it against another stone; subsequently used engraving and stone relief and animal bones. 27,000 and 32,000 years ago are represented in a lush female stone human figures, in exaltation fertility; are the "prehistoric Venus" as the Venus of Willendorf and the Venus of Lespugue. During the Magdalenian period were used sticks and boosters with ornamental motifs. In Upper Paleolithic, the examples are more abundant carvings or engravings objects that evolved from a more primitive stage, decorations schematic, reaching figures representing adapted to structure of bone .
Notably commemorative sculptures such as the Column of Trajan (114), which narrates several battles in a continuous spiral that covers the entire surface of column, or the Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius.
The process of making the work first in clay and then emptied the bronze was known to ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, and a system that is currently in XXI century, is still used. From century BC, in last period of iron Age Celts developed the La Tene culture, spreading it throughout Europe; represented an evolution of art of Hallstatt culture.
The decoration of all their belongings, swords, shields, tiaras and brooches you can understand the reasons for animals, plants and human figures. From the first century BC minted coins following the Hellenic models, as well as figurative works Bouray of God, made in embossed copper plate. In Mesopotamia, due to scarcity of stone, the sculptures was made primarily with clay; excavations at Ur (4000 BC) have been numerous small statues of this material. The Sumerians developed and spread to other civilizations use of brick, which then sculpted and enameled relief. Some good examples are representative that adorn palaces and burial surfaces Persian palace of Persepolis and the Frieze of Archers, glazed brick work that is in Royal Palace of Susa (404-359 BC).
The Romanesque sculptures (XI-XIII) was service architecture; Many examples are to be found around the major pilgrimage routes such as the Way of Saint James. The sculptors tried various parts of churches -timpans, capitals and covers stories on topics biblics- with great realism . The Christ Pantocrator and the Judgement were the most iconographic themes represented.
The door of Cathedral of Chartres (1145) is one of first examples of Gothic sculptures: featuring the fabulous animals that shape the gargoyles. In Germany, both outside and inside the Bamberg Cathedral (XIII century) there are meaningful sculptures; A good example is the Bamberg Horseman. One innovation are the sculptures on dramatic themes, scenes from the Passion of Christ and the Pieta among others. At the end of Gothic period in magnificent altar made by artists such as Tilman Riemenschneider or Veit Stoss. The kingdom of Castile worked there sculptors Gil de Alejo of Siloam Vahia.
The sculptures was initially a single function, immediate use; function was added later ritual, magical or religious funeral. This feature was changing with the historical evolution, acquiring primarily aesthetic purposes or simply ornamental and can become just as something ephemeral or lasting.
The first manifestations sculptures dating back to Paleolithic, when the man cut all the flint percudint it against another stone; subsequently used engraving and stone relief and animal bones. 27,000 and 32,000 years ago are represented in a lush female stone human figures, in exaltation fertility; are the "prehistoric Venus" as the Venus of Willendorf and the Venus of Lespugue. During the Magdalenian period were used sticks and boosters with ornamental motifs. In Upper Paleolithic, the examples are more abundant carvings or engravings objects that evolved from a more primitive stage, decorations schematic, reaching figures representing adapted to structure of bone .
Notably commemorative sculptures such as the Column of Trajan (114), which narrates several battles in a continuous spiral that covers the entire surface of column, or the Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius.
The process of making the work first in clay and then emptied the bronze was known to ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, and a system that is currently in XXI century, is still used. From century BC, in last period of iron Age Celts developed the La Tene culture, spreading it throughout Europe; represented an evolution of art of Hallstatt culture.
The decoration of all their belongings, swords, shields, tiaras and brooches you can understand the reasons for animals, plants and human figures. From the first century BC minted coins following the Hellenic models, as well as figurative works Bouray of God, made in embossed copper plate. In Mesopotamia, due to scarcity of stone, the sculptures was made primarily with clay; excavations at Ur (4000 BC) have been numerous small statues of this material. The Sumerians developed and spread to other civilizations use of brick, which then sculpted and enameled relief. Some good examples are representative that adorn palaces and burial surfaces Persian palace of Persepolis and the Frieze of Archers, glazed brick work that is in Royal Palace of Susa (404-359 BC).
The Romanesque sculptures (XI-XIII) was service architecture; Many examples are to be found around the major pilgrimage routes such as the Way of Saint James. The sculptors tried various parts of churches -timpans, capitals and covers stories on topics biblics- with great realism . The Christ Pantocrator and the Judgement were the most iconographic themes represented.
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