Hip Hop music has its roots in the black funk and soul music of the 70's. Rap originated from the R&B tradition of which is complemented by the sampling and scratching which began in black ghettos of the United States. Hip Hop refers to not only a musical genre, but also the youth culture characterized by elements of rap (MCing), DJing, breakdancing, graffiti writing and beatboxing.
Two years earlier, a young MC named Schooly D launched his career. Although it was rather unspectacular, he earned a reputation with his innovative lyrics. At the same time, Gangsta Rap was accused of glorifying violence, rather than constructively tackling it. The group defended themselves mostly with the argument that they only simulated the conditions in ghettos.
With the beginning of the 1990s, the rarely used music genre term Hip Hop increasingly replaced the previously used term rap. With the advent of NWA and Public Enemy, the era of gangsta rap began in earnest. Other so-called West Coast artists including Dr. Dre, Snoop Doggy Dogg and 2Pac also emerged, and for the first time New York (the East Coast) was no longer the center of Hip Hop.
Also worth mentioning is British Hip Hop, which produced its own brand of Britcore, as well as Brazilian Hip Hop, it introduced its own style, influenced by the Bass Music Rio Funk. In Africa, a diverse scene developed in the meantime, often in its search for American role models but also produces independent varieties of African Hip Hop. Hip Hop music can indeed take many forms: either limited to beats of DJs, in which case the term rap is not appropriate. The term rap, let alone Hip Hop, cannot be applied to slam.
Around the 1990s, artists such as Nas Illmatic, The Infamous Mobb Deep and the Wu-Tang Clan reached milestones for rap music and thus defined the East Coast sound. The Gangsta Rap had now taken the lead and the following years were marked by the feud between east and west coast (where the assignment was not always strictly geographical). The commercial rise of Hip Hop around the 1990s was still bullish.
The mid-1990s witnessed a kind of proxy war between 2Pac (West Coast) and Notorious BIG (East Coast) escalate. Eventually, 2Pac and Notorious BIG were shot. In the same year, various rappers from both coasts declared at a joint meeting that the confrontation had ended. Some notable releases by 2Pac include All Eyez on Me and California Love (Tupac Shakur feat Dr. Dre.).
Unlike older styles of African-American music that reflected only incidentally or diverted living conditions of black communities, Hip Hop stands as the very expression of these conditions and proposes to stick to street, that is, follow the codes and relationships that govern life in ghettos.
Hence, the inclusion of this music in the broader cultural group mentioned above, and the attitude of hip-hoppers who keep the dress style (street wear), the language of the ghetto (slang) and values. The attachment of hip-hoppers in their neighborhood (through the notion of representation) translates positively through a generally strong link with other hip-hoppers from the same place, expressed by the terms crew, posse, squad, homies, clan or clique. Rappers and underground Hip Hop producers are at the forefront of the culture and also influence popular music today.
Two years earlier, a young MC named Schooly D launched his career. Although it was rather unspectacular, he earned a reputation with his innovative lyrics. At the same time, Gangsta Rap was accused of glorifying violence, rather than constructively tackling it. The group defended themselves mostly with the argument that they only simulated the conditions in ghettos.
With the beginning of the 1990s, the rarely used music genre term Hip Hop increasingly replaced the previously used term rap. With the advent of NWA and Public Enemy, the era of gangsta rap began in earnest. Other so-called West Coast artists including Dr. Dre, Snoop Doggy Dogg and 2Pac also emerged, and for the first time New York (the East Coast) was no longer the center of Hip Hop.
Also worth mentioning is British Hip Hop, which produced its own brand of Britcore, as well as Brazilian Hip Hop, it introduced its own style, influenced by the Bass Music Rio Funk. In Africa, a diverse scene developed in the meantime, often in its search for American role models but also produces independent varieties of African Hip Hop. Hip Hop music can indeed take many forms: either limited to beats of DJs, in which case the term rap is not appropriate. The term rap, let alone Hip Hop, cannot be applied to slam.
Around the 1990s, artists such as Nas Illmatic, The Infamous Mobb Deep and the Wu-Tang Clan reached milestones for rap music and thus defined the East Coast sound. The Gangsta Rap had now taken the lead and the following years were marked by the feud between east and west coast (where the assignment was not always strictly geographical). The commercial rise of Hip Hop around the 1990s was still bullish.
The mid-1990s witnessed a kind of proxy war between 2Pac (West Coast) and Notorious BIG (East Coast) escalate. Eventually, 2Pac and Notorious BIG were shot. In the same year, various rappers from both coasts declared at a joint meeting that the confrontation had ended. Some notable releases by 2Pac include All Eyez on Me and California Love (Tupac Shakur feat Dr. Dre.).
Unlike older styles of African-American music that reflected only incidentally or diverted living conditions of black communities, Hip Hop stands as the very expression of these conditions and proposes to stick to street, that is, follow the codes and relationships that govern life in ghettos.
Hence, the inclusion of this music in the broader cultural group mentioned above, and the attitude of hip-hoppers who keep the dress style (street wear), the language of the ghetto (slang) and values. The attachment of hip-hoppers in their neighborhood (through the notion of representation) translates positively through a generally strong link with other hip-hoppers from the same place, expressed by the terms crew, posse, squad, homies, clan or clique. Rappers and underground Hip Hop producers are at the forefront of the culture and also influence popular music today.
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